Aspergillus Coinfection in a Hydatid Cyst Cavity of Lung in an Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Aspergilloma (a saprophytic infection) typically colonizes lung cavities due to underlying diseases such as tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, cavitary cancer, sarcoidosis, and pulmonary infarctions. Rarely, aspergilloma has been noted within a hydatid cyst. Even if this was the case, it is more common find coexistence of echinococcal cysts in immunocompromised individuals. It is, however, very uncommon coinfection normal immune status Here, we report on successfully treated case 30-year-old immunocompetent female from Western Nepal with histologically proven by these two pathogens. She had prolonged history exposure domesticated dogs. suffered hemoptysis time for 3 years increased frequency last 30 days. misdiagnosed clinically during past medical visit at local health center. Her computed tomography (CT) scans showed well-defined nonenhancing cystic lesions anterior basal segment right lower lobe adjacent major fissure. underwent enucleation cyst via posterolateral thoracotomy. On further histopathological evaluation, laminated membranes ectocyst along fungal elements were found, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining revealed Aspergillus form septate hyphae acute angle branching. Owing patient’s economic constraints unavailability our center, DNA testing molecular characterization could not be performed which highlights essence diagnosing managing cases resource poor settings. Eventually, reviewed 12 confirmed individuals period 7 (2015–2022) comparing them systematic review 22 same 1995 2014.